English Tenses in Urdu

Structure: Subject + is/am/are + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + ہوں/ہے/ہیں + فعل + رہا/رہی/رہے

Usage: Actions happening now, temporary actions, or future plans.

Examples:

• Zoya is sleeping now. → زویا اب سو رہی ہے
• I am going on holiday tomorrow. → میں کل چھٹیوں پر جا رہا ہوں
• They are playing football. → وہ فٹ بال کھیل رہے ہیں

Common Mistake: Don’t use for permanent states (e.g., wrong: I am knowing).

Structure: Subject + have/has + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے ہے/ہیں

Usage: Actions completed with present relevance or experiences.

Examples:

• I have eaten lunch. → میں نے دوپہر کا کھانا کھا لیا ہے
• She has read the book. → اس نے کتاب پڑھ لی ہے
• We have visited Lahore. → ہم لاہور جا چکے ہیں

Tip: Use with "already," "yet," or "just."

Structure: Subject + have/has + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے ہے/ہیں

Usage: Actions started in the past and continuing, or recently stopped with present effects.

Examples:

• I have been studying for two hours. → میں دو گھنٹے سے پڑھ رہا ہوں
• She has been working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کرتی رہی ہے
• They have been playing since morning. → وہ صبح سے کھیل رہے ہیں

Tip: Emphasizes duration with "for" or "since."

Structure: Subject + was/were + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + تھا/تھی/تھے + فعل + رہا/رہی/رہے

Usage: Ongoing actions in the past, often interrupted.

Examples:

• I was eating when he called. → میں کھا رہا تھا جب اس نے فون کیا
• They were playing outside. → وہ باہر کھیل رہے تھے
• She was reading at 5 PM. → وہ شام 5 بجے پڑھ رہی تھی

Tip: Often used with "when" or "while."

Structure: Subject + had + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے تھا/تھی/تھے

Usage: Actions completed before another past action.

Examples:

• I had eaten before the meeting. → میں نے میٹنگ سے پہلے کھانا کھا لیا تھا
• She had finished her homework. → اس نے اپنا ہوم ورک ختم کر لیا تھا
• They had left before the rain. → وہ بارش سے پہلے چلے گئے تھے

Tip: Use with "before" or "after" to show sequence.

Structure: Subject + had + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے تھا/تھی/تھے

Usage: Ongoing past actions that stopped before another past event.

Examples:

• I had been studying for hours before the exam. → میں امتحان سے پہلے گھنٹوں پڑھ رہا تھا
• She had been working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کرتی رہی تھی
• They had been playing before it rained. → وہ بارش سے پہلے کھیل رہے تھے

Common Mistake: Don’t confuse with Past Continuous; this emphasizes duration.

Structure: Subject + will + be + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے گا/گی/گے

Usage: Actions ongoing at a future time.

Examples:

• I will be studying at 8 PM. → میں رات 8 بجے پڑھ رہا ہوں گا
• They will be playing tomorrow. → وہ کل کھیل رہے ہوں گے
• She will be working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کر رہی ہوگی

Tip: Use for specific future times.

Structure: Subject + will + have + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے ہوگا/ہوگی/ہوں گے

Usage: Actions completed by a future time.

Examples:

• I will have finished by 5 PM. → میں شام 5 بجے تک ختم کر چکا ہوں گا
• She will have read the book. → وہ کتاب پڑھ چکی ہوگی
• They will have left by noon. → وہ دوپہر تک چلے جائیں گے

Tip: Use with "by" or future deadlines.

Structure: Subject + will + have + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے ہوگا/ہوگی/ہوں گے

Usage: Ongoing actions completed by a future time, emphasizing duration.

Examples:

• I will have been studying for three hours by 8 PM. → میں رات 8 بجے تک تین گھنٹے سے پڑھ رہا ہوں گا
• She will have been working for a week. → وہ ایک ہفتے سے کام کر رہی ہوگی
• They will have been playing for hours. → وہ گھنٹوں سے کھیل رہے ہوں گے

Common Mistake: Rarely used; focus on duration with "for" or "since."