English Grammar Guide in Urdu | Learn Grammar

Grammar Topics

Tenses Parts of Speech Sentence Structure Prepositions Articles Pronouns

English Tenses (انگریزی کے اوقات)

Tenses show the time of an action. English has 12 tenses, divided into Present, Past, and Future, each with Simple, Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous forms. Below is a detailed guide with structures, examples, and usage in Urdu.

Simple Present (سادہ حال)

Structure: Subject + Base Verb (+s/es for 3rd person singular)

Urdu: فاعل + فعل کی بنیادی شکل (+s/es اگر تیسرا شخص واحد ہو)

Usage: Habits, facts, routines, and general truths.

Examples:

I eat rice daily. → میں روزانہ چاول کھاتا ہوں
She reads books. → وہ کتابیں پڑھتی ہے
The sun rises in the east. → سورج مشرق میں طلوع ہوتا ہے

Tip: Add -s/es for he, she, it (e.g., watch → watches).

Present Continuous (حال جاری)

Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + ہوں/ہے/ہیں + فعل + رہا/رہی/رہے

Usage: Actions happening now or temporary actions.

Examples:

I am eating now. → میں اب کھا رہا ہوں
They are playing football. → وہ فٹ بال کھیل رہے ہیں
She is studying this week. → وہ اس ہفتے پڑھ رہی ہے

Common Mistake: Don’t use for permanent states (e.g., wrong: I am knowing).

Present Perfect (حال مکمل)

Structure: Subject + have/has + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے ہے/ہیں

Usage: Actions completed in the past with present relevance, or experiences.

Examples:

I have eaten lunch. → میں نے دوپہر کا کھانا کھا لیا ہے
She has read the book. → اس نے کتاب پڑھ لی ہے
We have visited Lahore. → ہم لاہور جا چکے ہیں

Tip: Use with "already," "yet," or "just."

Present Perfect Continuous (حال مکمل جاری)

Structure: Subject + have/has + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے ہے/ہیں

Usage: Actions started in the past and continuing, or recently stopped with present effects.

Examples:

I have been studying for two hours. → میں دو گھنٹے سے پڑھ رہا ہوں
She has been working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کرتی رہی ہے
They have been playing since morning. → وہ صبح سے کھیل رہے ہیں

Tip: Emphasizes duration (e.g., "for," "since").

Simple Past (سادہ ماضی)

Structure: Subject + Past Verb

Urdu: فاعل + فعل کی ماضی کی شکل

Usage: Completed actions in the past.

Examples:

I ate rice yesterday. → میں نے کل چاول کھائے
She read a book. → اس نے کتاب پڑھی
They visited Karachi. → انہوں نے کراچی کا دورہ کیا

Tip: Regular verbs add -ed; irregular verbs vary (e.g., go → went).

Past Continuous (ماضی جاری)

Structure: Subject + was/were + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + تھا/تھی/تھے + فعل + رہا/رہی/رہے

Usage: Ongoing actions in the past, often interrupted.

Examples:

I was eating when he called. → میں کھا رہا تھا جب اس نے فون کیا
They were playing outside. → وہ باہر کھیل رہے تھے
She was reading at 5 PM. → وہ شام 5 بجے پڑھ رہی تھی

Tip: Often used with "when" or "while."

Past Perfect (ماضی مکمل)

Structure: Subject + had + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے تھا/تھی/تھے

Usage: Actions completed before another past action.

Examples:

I had eaten before the meeting. → میں نے میٹنگ سے پہلے کھانا کھا لیا تھا
She had finished her homework. → اس نے اپنا ہوم ورک ختم کر لیا تھا
They had left before the rain. → وہ بارش سے پہلے چلے گئے تھے

Tip: Use with "before" or "after" to show sequence.

Past Perfect Continuous (ماضی مکمل جاری)

Structure: Subject + had + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے تھا/تھی/تھے

Usage: Ongoing past actions that stopped before another past event.

Examples:

I had been studying for hours before the exam. → میں امتحان سے پہلے گھنٹوں پڑھ رہا تھا
She had been working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کرتی رہی تھی
They had been playing before it rained. → وہ بارش سے پہلے کھیل رہے تھے

Common Mistake: Don’t confuse with Past Continuous; this emphasizes duration.

Simple Future (سادہ مستقبل)

Structure: Subject + will + Base Verb

Urdu: فاعل + گا/گی/گے

Usage: Predictions, plans, or decisions made now.

Examples:

I will eat dinner. → میں رات کا کھانا کھاؤں گا
She will read a novel. → وہ ناول پڑھے گی
It will rain tomorrow. → کل بارش ہوگی

Tip: Can also use "going to" for planned actions.

Future Continuous (مستقبل جاری)

Structure: Subject + will + be + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے گا/گی/گے

Usage: Actions ongoing at a future time.

Examples:

I will be studying at 8 PM. → میں رات 8 بجے پڑھ رہا ہوں گا
They will be playing tomorrow. → وہ کل کھیل رہے ہوں گے
She will be working all day. → وہ سارا دن کام کر رہی ہوگی

Tip: Use for specific future times.

Future Perfect (مستقبل مکمل)

Structure: Subject + will + have + Past Participle

Urdu: فاعل + چکا/چکی/چکے ہوگا/ہوگی/ہوں گے

Usage: Actions completed by a future time.

Examples:

I will have finished by 5 PM. → میں شام 5 بجے تک ختم کر چکا ہوں گا
She will have read the book. → وہ کتاب پڑھ چکی ہوگی
They will have left by noon. → وہ دوپہر تک چلے جائیں گے

Tip: Use with "by" or future deadlines.

Future Perfect Continuous (مستقبل مکمل جاری)

Structure: Subject + will + have + been + Verb+ing

Urdu: فاعل + رہا/رہی/رہے چکا/چکی/چکے ہوگا/ہوگی/ہوں گے

Usage: Ongoing actions completed by a future time, emphasizing duration.

Examples:

I will have been studying for three hours by 8 PM. → میں رات 8 بجے تک تین گھنٹے سے پڑھ رہا ہوں گا
She will have been working for a week. → وہ ایک ہفتے سے کام کر رہی ہوگی
They will have been playing for hours. → وہ گھنٹوں سے کھیل رہے ہوں گے

Common Mistake: Rarely used; focus on duration with "for" or "since."

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Parts of Speech (اجزائے کلام)

Parts of speech are the building blocks of sentences. English has eight main parts, each with specific roles. Below is a detailed explanation with examples in English and Urdu.

Noun (اسم)

A word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Types: Proper (specific names), Common (general), Countable, Uncountable, Abstract, Concrete.

Examples:

Ali (proper) → علی
House (common) → گھر
Love (abstract) → محبت
Water (uncountable) → پانی

Usage: Acts as subject or object in a sentence.

Pronoun (ضمیر)

Replaces a noun to avoid repetition. Types: Personal (I, you), Possessive (mine), Reflexive (myself), Demonstrative (this).

Examples:

I (personal) → میں
Mine (possessive) → میرا
Myself (reflexive) → خود
This (demonstrative) → یہ

Tip: Match pronoun with noun in number and gender.

Verb (فعل)

Shows action or state of being. Types: Action (run), Linking (is), Auxiliary (have, be).

Examples:

Run (action) → دوڑنا
Is (linking) → ہے
Have (auxiliary) → رکھنا
Eat (action) → کھانا

Usage: Core of a sentence; agrees with subject.

Adjective (صفت)

Describes or modifies a noun. Types: Descriptive (big), Quantitative (many), Demonstrative (this).

Examples:

Beautiful (descriptive) → خوبصورت
Two (quantitative) → دو
This (demonstrative) → یہ
Big (descriptive) → بڑا

Tip: Usually comes before the noun.

Adverb (ظرف)

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. Types: Manner (quickly), Time (now), Place (here).

Examples:

Quickly (manner) → تیزی سے
Now (time) → اب
Here (place) → یہاں
Very (degree) → بہت

Tip: Often ends in -ly in English.

Preposition (حرف جار)

Shows relationship between a noun/pronoun and other words. Types: Place (in), Time (at), Direction (to).

Examples:

In (place) → میں
At (time) → پر
To (direction) → کی طرف
With (accompaniment) → کے ساتھ

Usage: Followed by a noun or pronoun.

Conjunction (رابطہ)

Connects words, phrases, or clauses. Types: Coordinating (and), Subordinating (because), Correlative (either...or).

Examples:

And (coordinating) → اور
Because (subordinating) → کیونکہ
Either...or (correlative) → یا تو...یا
But (coordinating) → لیکن

Tip: Use to join ideas logically.

Interjection (فجائیہ)

Expresses emotion or surprise, often standing alone.

Examples:

Wow! → واہ!
Oh! → اوہ!
Alas! → ہائے!
Hurray! → ہرے!

Usage: Adds emotion to sentences.

Sentence Structure (جملے کی ساخت)

Basic Sentence Patterns:

Subject + Verb + Object

English: I love you.

Urdu: میں آپ سے محبت کرتا ہوں

Subject + Verb + Complement

English: She is beautiful.

Urdu: وہ خوبصورت ہے

Articles (حروف تعین)

A / An

Indefinite Articles (غیر معین)

Use: Before singular countable nouns

The

Definite Article (معین)

Use: Before specific nouns

Examples

A book → ایک کتاب
The book → وہ کتاب
An apple → ایک سیب

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English Grammar in Urdu

Grammar Topics

English Tenses (انگریزی کے اوقات)

Present Tense (حال کا زمانہ)

Simple Present (سادہ حال)

Present Continuous (حال جاری)

Present Perfect (حال مکمل)

Present Perfect Continuous (حال مکمل جاری)

Past Tense (ماضی کا زمانہ)

Simple Past (سادہ ماضی)

Past Continuous (ماضی جاری)

Past Perfect (ماضی مکمل)

Past Perfect Continuous (ماضی مکمل جاری)

Future Tense (مستقبل کا زمانہ)

Simple Future (سادہ مستقبل)

Future Continuous (مستقبل جاری)

Future Perfect (مستقبل مکمل)

Future Perfect Continuous (مستقبل مکمل جاری)

Parts of Speech (اجزائے کلام)

Noun (اسم)

Pronoun (ضمیر)

Verb (فعل)

Adjective (صفت)

Adverb (ظرف)

Preposition (حرف جار)

Conjunction (رابطہ)

Interjection (فجائیہ)

Sentence Structure (جملے کی ساخت)

Basic Sentence Patterns:

Subject + Verb + Object

Subject + Verb + Complement

Articles (حروف تعین)

A / An

The

Examples

Practice Exercises